A high-rise building is a tall building or structure used as a residential or office building. The possibility of high-rise buildings have escalated with the invention of the elevator or lift and with good and stable building materials. The materials which are used for the building construction of high-rise buildings are toughened concrete and steel and new construction technology.
A high-rise construction is generally opted for densely populated cities or urban areas. Constructions of high-rise buildings provide the comfortable living standard for the people and also help in the development of the cities. These buildings are 35 metres or greater in height, which is distributed at regular intervals into occupiable levels. Construction of large structure must be based on solid ground, and fabricated along its full height through a construction management plan.
India may be far behind when it comes to high-rise buildings; however it is making a slow but steady way up with a number of towering structures that are being built and planned for several cities.
Best Method of constructing a high-rise building
Construction: The base of any good construction depends on the design of the tall building, the designer should have an eye for detail, should know the basic concepts should also know the methods of constructing high-rise buildings when he initiates the planning process for Construciton.
Foundation System:
Mat or Raft Foundation: The mat foundation is one large continuous footing upon which the building rests and it also provides a uniform dig depth. The system is used when the soil behavior capacity is low. Mat foundation may be useful when a concentration of high soil pressure must be distributed over the whole building area, when compressible strata are positioned at a thin depth, when small soft soil areas must be bridged so that settlement will be reduced, when differential settlement of uneven soils must be minimized, since individual footings would create unequal settlement, or when pressure of groundwater and uplift must be controlled.
Floating or Compensated Mat Foundation:
When tall buildings are constructed on weak soils of very thick deposits of soft materials, such as compressible clay the fully compensated mat foundation is often used.
Deep Foundations: Deep foundations are used when sufficient soil competence is not available close to the surface and loads must be moved to firm layers significantly below the ground surface. Pile foundation and pier foundation are two methods in deep foundation.
The choice of a foundation system depends on the structural design of the building, that is, the location, magnitude, and kind of forces to be transmitted to the ground, and also on the subsurface circumstances, the behavior capacity and settlement uniqueness of the soil, as well as the groundwater conditions.
Water Proofing Treatment for Basement
Lot of problem is faced when there is an entry of outside water; rise in water level, leakage from side structure including leakage in pipe and sewer line etc. Proper care is to be taken for such problems as they may cause danger to the building by following proper construction technique. They are:
• Interior wall and floor sealers
• Interior water drainage
• Exterior drainage combined with waterproofing coatings
Other basic components of high-rise buildings are:
Concrete column: Concrete columns and shear walls are critical to the stability of the structure. The main use of column is to transfer the load above to the foundations and is used to resist lateral and vertical forces when constructing.
Wall: Builders also use dry wall techniques and pre-fabricated techniques to carry out difficult designs and high end constructions. Nowadays, ready mixed concrete is available to maintain a similar quality of concrete for a whole building when constructing wall.
Concrete slab: Using concrete slabs has several advantages; it provides strength, stiffness, air-sound insulation, fire resistance and adjustability to the high-rise buildings.
Beams: Beams are principally horizontal columns on which floor slabs rest and these beams are coupled to columns for additional load transfers.
Safety is an important aspect of high-rise buildings. Fire and earthquakes can strike anywhere without a word of warning, which can cause considerable damage to life and property. Hence, when constructing a high-rise building, a combination of reinforced steel, concrete and other light weight materials should be used to help the building gain its composure after vibration from a strong earthquake. Moreover, the use of fortified concrete reduces the risk of collapsing building.
Some of the high-rise buildings in India
1. Imperial Tower 1, Mumbai
2. Kohinoor Square, Mumbai
3. The Ruby, Mumbai
4. Lodha Bellazza 3, Hyderabad
5. World Trade Center, Bangaluru
India may be far behind when it comes to high-rise buildings; however it is making a slow but steady way up with a number of towering structures that are being built and planned for several cities.
Best Method of constructing a high-rise building
Construction: The base of any good construction depends on the design of the tall building, the designer should have an eye for detail, should know the basic concepts should also know the methods of constructing high-rise buildings when he initiates the planning process for Construciton.
Foundation System:
Mat or Raft Foundation: The mat foundation is one large continuous footing upon which the building rests and it also provides a uniform dig depth. The system is used when the soil behavior capacity is low. Mat foundation may be useful when a concentration of high soil pressure must be distributed over the whole building area, when compressible strata are positioned at a thin depth, when small soft soil areas must be bridged so that settlement will be reduced, when differential settlement of uneven soils must be minimized, since individual footings would create unequal settlement, or when pressure of groundwater and uplift must be controlled.
Floating or Compensated Mat Foundation:
When tall buildings are constructed on weak soils of very thick deposits of soft materials, such as compressible clay the fully compensated mat foundation is often used.
Deep Foundations: Deep foundations are used when sufficient soil competence is not available close to the surface and loads must be moved to firm layers significantly below the ground surface. Pile foundation and pier foundation are two methods in deep foundation.
The choice of a foundation system depends on the structural design of the building, that is, the location, magnitude, and kind of forces to be transmitted to the ground, and also on the subsurface circumstances, the behavior capacity and settlement uniqueness of the soil, as well as the groundwater conditions.
Water Proofing Treatment for Basement
Lot of problem is faced when there is an entry of outside water; rise in water level, leakage from side structure including leakage in pipe and sewer line etc. Proper care is to be taken for such problems as they may cause danger to the building by following proper construction technique. They are:
• Interior wall and floor sealers
• Interior water drainage
• Exterior drainage combined with waterproofing coatings
Other basic components of high-rise buildings are:
Concrete column: Concrete columns and shear walls are critical to the stability of the structure. The main use of column is to transfer the load above to the foundations and is used to resist lateral and vertical forces when constructing.Wall: Builders also use dry wall techniques and pre-fabricated techniques to carry out difficult designs and high end constructions. Nowadays, ready mixed concrete is available to maintain a similar quality of concrete for a whole building when constructing wall.
Concrete slab: Using concrete slabs has several advantages; it provides strength, stiffness, air-sound insulation, fire resistance and adjustability to the high-rise buildings.
Beams: Beams are principally horizontal columns on which floor slabs rest and these beams are coupled to columns for additional load transfers.
Safety is an important aspect of high-rise buildings. Fire and earthquakes can strike anywhere without a word of warning, which can cause considerable damage to life and property. Hence, when constructing a high-rise building, a combination of reinforced steel, concrete and other light weight materials should be used to help the building gain its composure after vibration from a strong earthquake. Moreover, the use of fortified concrete reduces the risk of collapsing building.
Some of the high-rise buildings in India
1. Imperial Tower 1, Mumbai
2. Kohinoor Square, Mumbai
3. The Ruby, Mumbai
4. Lodha Bellazza 3, Hyderabad
5. World Trade Center, Bangaluru
